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Injured in Mississippi Blog
Please check here for new content for those who have been Injured in Mississippi. Specific practice areas in:
– Jackson Wrongful Death Attorneys
– Mississippi Premises Liability Attorneys (Injuries on someone else’s property)
– Mississippi Car Wreck Attorneys
– Mississippi 18-Wheeler Accident Attorneys
– Mississippi Social Security Disability (SSDI)
– Wills and Estate Planning
– Mississippi Products Liability (Injury due to a defective product)
Thursday, July 10, 2014
Wednesday, January 1, 2014
MTCA dismissal affirmed by Court of Appeals
In the recent case of Doe v. Rankin County School District the Mississippi Court of appeals affirmed the decision of the Circuit Court dismissing a case by a minor against the Rankin County School District by a nameless minor based upon the Mississippi Tort Claims Act.
MS Code Section 11-46-9(1)(b) states that a governmental entity is afforded immunity for claims “[a]rising out of any act or omission of an employee of a governmental entity exercising ordinary care in reliance upon, or in the execution or performance of, or in the failure to execute or perform, a statute, ordinance[,] or regulation, whether or not the statute, ordinance[,] or regulation be valid[.]” Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-9(1)(b) (Rev. 2012)
The statute allows for an exception for tortious acts which occur during within the scope and course of employment or during the performance of duties of a government employee.
Section 11-46-9(1)(d) states that a governmental entity will be immune from liability for claims “based upon the exercise or performance or the failure to exercise or perform a discretionary function or duty on the part of a governmental entity or employee thereof, whether or not the discretion is abused[.]”
“A duty is discretionary when it is not imposed by law and depends upon the judgment or choice of the government entity or its employee.” Montgomery, 80 So. 3d at 795 (¶19) (citing Miss. Dep’t of Mental
Health v. Hall, 936 So. 2d 917, 924-25 (¶17) (Miss. 2006)). “A duty is ministerial if it is positively imposed by law and required to be performed at a specific time and place, removing an officer’s or entity’s choice or judgment.” Id. (citing Covington Cnty. Sch. Dist. v. Magee, 29 So. 3d 1, 5 (¶8) (Miss. 2010)).
The school's negligence was based on their implementation of safety and security on campus. The Court determined that this was within the discretionary function of the school and the case was ripe for dismissal.
http://courts.ms.gov/Images/Opinions/CO87937.pdf
MS Code Section 11-46-9(1)(b) states that a governmental entity is afforded immunity for claims “[a]rising out of any act or omission of an employee of a governmental entity exercising ordinary care in reliance upon, or in the execution or performance of, or in the failure to execute or perform, a statute, ordinance[,] or regulation, whether or not the statute, ordinance[,] or regulation be valid[.]” Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-9(1)(b) (Rev. 2012)
The statute allows for an exception for tortious acts which occur during within the scope and course of employment or during the performance of duties of a government employee.
Section 11-46-9(1)(d) states that a governmental entity will be immune from liability for claims “based upon the exercise or performance or the failure to exercise or perform a discretionary function or duty on the part of a governmental entity or employee thereof, whether or not the discretion is abused[.]”
“A duty is discretionary when it is not imposed by law and depends upon the judgment or choice of the government entity or its employee.” Montgomery, 80 So. 3d at 795 (¶19) (citing Miss. Dep’t of Mental
Health v. Hall, 936 So. 2d 917, 924-25 (¶17) (Miss. 2006)). “A duty is ministerial if it is positively imposed by law and required to be performed at a specific time and place, removing an officer’s or entity’s choice or judgment.” Id. (citing Covington Cnty. Sch. Dist. v. Magee, 29 So. 3d 1, 5 (¶8) (Miss. 2010)).
The school's negligence was based on their implementation of safety and security on campus. The Court determined that this was within the discretionary function of the school and the case was ripe for dismissal.
http://courts.ms.gov/Images/Opinions/CO87937.pdf
Saturday, July 27, 2013
Uninsured Motorist and Underinsured Motorist Coverage in Mississippi
The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned a summary judgment ruling by Hinds County Circuit Court Judge Wingate. The Plaintiff's bad faith claim was dismissed but the 5th Circuit found that State Farm's denying or delaying payment of an Uninsured Motorists policy was bad faith.
Plaintiff is entitled to attorney time and extra-contractual damages brought on as a result of the denial of uninsured motorist benefits.
State Farm's duty to pay these benefits did not stop as a result of plaintiff's filing of a lawsuit.
Text of the Opinion is attached below:
http://600camp.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/James-v.-State-Farm.pdf
Plaintiff is entitled to attorney time and extra-contractual damages brought on as a result of the denial of uninsured motorist benefits.
State Farm's duty to pay these benefits did not stop as a result of plaintiff's filing of a lawsuit.
Text of the Opinion is attached below:
http://600camp.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/James-v.-State-Farm.pdf
Before STEWART, Chief Judge, and GARZA and ELROD, Circuit
Judges.
CARL E. STEWART, Chief Judge:
Defendant-Appellee State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance
Co. (“State
Farm”) tendered the policy limit on its uninsured motor
vehicle coverage to
Plaintiff-Appellant Faith James nearly thirty months after
James was injured
in a car accident. James brought a bad faith claim under
Mississippi law, and
the district court granted State Farm’s motion for summary
judgment. For the
following reasons, we AFFIRM in part, REVERSE in part, and
REMAND.
I. BACKGROUND
A. Facts
On February 3, 2006, James was involved in a car accident
with Jarvis
Smith. The parties do not dispute that Smith’s negligence
was the sole cause of
United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
F I L E D
June 21, 2013
Lyle W. Cayce
Clerk
Case: 11-60458
Document: 00512283135 Page: 1 Date Filed: 06/21/2013No. 11-60458
the accident. James’s vehicle turned over at least once, and
she was taken from
the scene in an ambulance to Wayne General Hospital. James
received
numerous stitches for a head wound and testified in her
deposition that she felt
significant pain in her chest, back, and head immediately
after the accident.
At the time of the accident, James and/or her husband owned
four State
Farm insurance policies. The policy on the vehicle James was
driving at the
time of the accident included $5,000 in medical payments
coverage, collision
coverage, and $10,000 per person in uninsured/underinsured
motor vehicle
(“UM”) coverage. Each of the other three policies also
provided $10,000 per
person UM coverage for a stacked total of $40,000 in UM
benefits. The parties
do not dispute that James’s policies were in effect at the time
of the accident.
After James promptly notified State Farm of the accident,
State Farm quickly
paid out under its medical payments and collision coverage.
At issue is State Farm’s delay in paying James benefits
under her UM
coverage. As the timeline of events contained in the record
underpins our
analysis of James’s claims, we refrain from a lengthy
factual recitation here and
instead present critical events in our below discussion. We
now continue our
summary of this case’s background with an overview of its
procedural history.
B. Procedural History
On October 23, 2007, James and her husband1
filed a complaint against
State Farm in federal district court on diversity grounds.
On February 13, 2008,
James filed an amended complaint, which alleged that State
Farm was
intentionally engaging in delaying tactics to avoid paying
on the policies.
Because of this delay, the complaint alleged that State Farm
had, inter alia,
committed the tort of bad faith.2 The complaint requested a jury
trial and
1
James’s husband later voluntarily dismissed his complaint.
2
James also asserted that State Farm’s actions were “a breach
of Defendant’s duties
of good faith and fair dealings and duty to fairly and
promptly adjust claims under the
2
Case: 11-60458
Document: 00512283135 Page: 2 Date Filed: 06/21/2013No. 11-60458
sought $40,000 due under the policy, compensatory damages,
and punitive
damages.
Over the next several months, the magistrate judge granted
two motions
to compel against State Farm. On July 29, 2008, State Farm
paid its stacked
UM policy limit of $40,000 to James. State Farm then filed a
motion for
summary judgment on October 29, 2008. On May 6, 2011, the
district court
granted State Farm’s motion for summary judgment, entered
final judgment in
favor of State Farm, and dismissed the complaint with
prejudice. No. 4:07-CV-
137, 2011 WL 1743421 (S.D. Miss. May 6, 2011). This appeal
followed.3
II. DISCUSSION
On appeal, James makes two arguments related to her bad
faith claim: (1)
State Farm withheld payment under one policy in order to
coerce a lower
settlement for claims under other policies, and (2) State
Farm unreasonably
delayed payment on the claim without a legitimate or
arguable basis for doing
so.
A. Standard of Review
We review a district court’s grant of summary judgment de
novo. Bradley
v. Allstate Ins. Co., 620 F.3d 509, 516 (5th Cir. 2010)
(citation omitted).
Summary judgment is appropriate when “the movant shows that
there is no
genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is
entitled to judgment
as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). A genuine
dispute about a material
Plaintiffs’ policy.” Even if the pleadings indicate James
may have asserted these as claims
separate from her bad faith claim, James has pressed only
her bad faith claim on appeal.
3 On appeal, James appears to assert a separate breach of
contract claim. The district
court apparently interpreted this claim as a sub-issue
within James’s bad faith claim. On
appeal, James combines this claim with her argument as to
the independent tort of bad faith.
Assuming arguendo that James intended to assert a breach of
contract claim separate from
her bad faith claim, we hold this claim to have been waived
on appeal because James points
to no policy provisions supporting this claim. See Fed. R.
App. P. 28. Accordingly, we affirm
the district court to the extent that it granted summary
judgment to State Farm on a breach
of contract claim.
3
Case: 11-60458
Document: 00512283135 Page: 3 Date Filed: 06/21/2013No. 11-60458
fact exists when the evidence presented on summary judgment
is such that a
reasonable jury could find in favor of the non-moving party.
Anderson v. Liberty
Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). We view all facts and
evidence in the light
most favorable to the non-movant, here James. Bradley, 620
F.3d at 516
(citation omitted). When a defendant moves for summary
judgment and
identifies a lack of evidence to support the plaintiff’s
claim on an issue for which
the plaintiff would bear the burden of proof at trial, then
the defendant is
entitled to summary judgment unless the plaintiff is able to
produce “summary
judgment evidence sufficient to sustain a finding in
plaintiff’s favor on that
issue.” Kovacic v. Villarreal, 628 F.3d 209, 212 (5th Cir.
2010) (citations
omitted) (quoting Thompson v. Upshur Cnty, Tex., 245 F.3d
447, 456 (5th Cir.
2001). “[T]he propriety of summary judgment [is] bound up in
the burdens of
proof at trial . . . .” Steven Alan Childress & Martha
S. Davis, 1 Federal
Standards of Review § 5.02, at 5-26 (4th ed. 2010) (citing
Anderson, 447 U.S. at
247-48, 254).
We review the district court’s interpretation of state law
de novo, and we
“give no deference to its determinations of state law
issues.” Bradley, 620 F.3d
at 516 (citation omitted).
B. Applicable Law
Because James brought this case in federal court on
diversity grounds,
Mississippi substantive law applies. See Erie R.R. Co. v.
Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64
(1938). “To determine issues of state law, we look to final
decisions of the state’s
highest court, and when there is no ruling by that court,
then we have the duty
to determine as best we can what the state’s highest court
would decide.”
Westlake Petrochems., L.L.C. v. United Polychem, Inc., 688
F.3d 232, 238 n.5 (5th
Cir. 2012) (citation omitted). “In making an [Erie] guess in
the absence of a
ruling from the state’s highest court, this Court may look
to the decisions of
4
Case: 11-60458
Document: 00512283135 Page: 4 Date Filed: 06/21/2013No. 11-60458
intermediate appellate state courts for guidance.” Howe ex
rel. Howe v.
Scottsdale Ins. Co., 204 F.3d 624, 627 (5th Cir. 2000)
(citation omitted).
1. Claim against insurer for bad faith
James asserts that State Farm committed the tort of bad
faith when it
delayed payment on her UM claim. “[A] bad faith refusal
claim is an
‘independent tort’ separable in both law and fact from the
contract claim
asserted by an insured under the terms of the policy.”
Spansel v. State Farm
Fire & Cas. Co., 683 F. Supp. 2d 444, 447 (S.D. Miss.
2010) (alteration in
original) (quoting Hartford Underwriters Ins. Co. v.
Williams, 936 So. 2d 888,
895 (Miss. 2006)).
The Mississippi Supreme Court has recognized that claimants
can bring
bad faith claims against and recover punitive damages from
insurers who refuse
to pay out on a valid claim. See Caldwell v. Alfa Ins. Co.,
686 So. 2d 1092, 1098
(Miss. 1996) (holding that denial of a valid insurance claim
is critical for the
submission of punitive damages to a jury). Additionally,
although Mississippi
courts are skeptical of such claims, they have permitted
claimants to recover
damages on bad faith claims when resolution of an insurance
claim is merely
delayed rather than ultimately denied.4 See, e.g., Travelers
Indem. Co. v.
Wetherbee, 368 So. 2d 829, 834-35 (Miss. 1979)(affirming
jury award for punitive
damages where insurer withheld payment for eight months);
AmFed Cos., LLC
v. Jordan, 34 So. 3d 1177, 1191 (Miss. Ct. App. 2009)
(affirming trial judge’s
decision to submit punitive damages issue to the jury in a
delay-of-payment
case); Pilate v. Am. Federated Ins. Co., 865 So. 2d 387, 400
(Miss. Ct. App. 2004)
(“[T]here may be cases where a delay [of payment for one
month] could possibly
be sufficient grounds for a bad faith claim.”); see also
Essinger v. Liberty Mut.
4 Thus, here, we treat caselaw that refers to a “denial of a
claim” as interchangeable
with a “delay of payment on a claim” unless the context
indicates that the law pertains
specifically to a denial.
5
Case: 11-60458
Document: 00512283135 Page: 5 Date Filed: 06/21/2013No. 11-60458
Fire Ins. Co., 529 F.3d 264, 271 n.1 (5th Cir. 2008)
(citation omitted) (“Inordinate
delays in processing claims and a failure to make a
meaningful investigation
have combined to create a jury question on bad faith.”); but
see Tutor v. Ranger
Ins. Co., 804 F.2d 1395, 1399 (5th Cir. 1986) (per curiam)
(reversing jury’s
punitive damage award where payment was delayed during an
ongoing dispute
between insured and insurer); Caldwell, 686 So. 2d at 1098
(affirming grant of
summary judgment where insurance company delayed payment for
three
months in complex wrongful death claim, including a six-week
delay after it
completed its investigation).
Our review of the case law illustrates that whether to
submit a delay-ofpayment claim to a jury is a highly fact-sensitive analysis.
2. Compensatory and punitive damages
James seeks to recover compensatory and punitive damages for
State
Farm’s payment delay. In Mississippi, compensatory5
and punitive damages are
related. To establish a claim for punitive damages in the
context of a bad faith
claim, a party must first establish her entitlement to
compensatory damages.
See Broussard v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 523 F.3d
618, 628 (5th Cir. 2008)
(“Mississippi law does not permit parties to recover
punitive damages unless
they first prove that they are entitled to compensatory
damages.” (citations
omitted)). To do so, the trial judge must decide, as a
matter of law, that the
insurer lacked ‘a reasonably arguable basis’ for denying the
claim.” See id. at
628 (citation omitted) (quoting Andrew Jackson Life Ins. Co.
v. Williams, 566 So.
2d 1172, 1186 n.13 (Miss. 1990); U.S. Fid. & Guar. Co.
v. Wigginton, 964 F.2d
487, 492 (5th Cir. 1992) (citation omitted);Fulton v. Miss.
Farm Bureau Cas. Ins.
Co., 105 So. 3d 284, 288 (Miss. 2012) (“When an insurer
denies a claim without
an arguable basis . . . extracontractual damages may provide
[a] form of relief.”
5 For purposes of this appeal, we use compensatory damages
interchangeably with
consequential and extra-contractual damages.
6
Case: 11-60458
Document: 00512283135 Page: 6 Date Filed: 06/21/2013
Tuesday, April 9, 2013
Supreme Court hears oral arguments on Gay Marriage
This last week the Supreme Court heard the cases of Hollingsworth v. Perry and Windsor v. United States. The rulings of these two cases have the potential to either overturn or uphold certain legislation currently restricting same-sex marriage in the United States.
This is the first time the Supreme Court has heard a case involving questions of same sex marriage, but it is easy to see the connection to other civil rights issues.
While the Supreme Court does have the ability to legalize same-sex marriage across the board, it may also leave the issue in the hands of the individual states.
According to the Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people,” meaning that any rights not explicitly granted to the federal government rest with the states. The Constitution does not explicitly designate the right to define marriage, leading to the argument that the issue is one best left to the states.
Thursday, January 24, 2013
5th Circuit reviews Mississippi Non-economic Damages Cap
Learmouth v. Sears, 631 F.3d 724 (2011) is a 2005 damages cap case has been pulled back up to 5th Circuit arguments. The 5th Circuit seeks further briefing on the issue of the constitutionality of Mississippi's $1 million cap on non-economic damages. The case has been around long enough to warrant a new brief based on any lower court decisions on the matter since the initial briefings.
In 2008 a federal jury found for the Plaintiff Lisa Learmouth for $4 million dollars, but the jury did not note which of these amounts were economic damages and which were noneconomic damages.
Non-economic damages refer to things like pain and suffering, which cannot be put into definite amounts. Currently the cap applies, but the court has heard arguments that damages caps such as this are unconstitutional because American citizens are guaranteed a right to trial by jury where a jury of peers will determine the amount of damages due if an individual or company is found to be at fault for an injury. The argument continues that a limit on damages takes away the power of the jury to truly decide the amount of restitution, the legislature in a way saying that the jury can make a decision just not that decision.
For more on this topic:
http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1589765558034230217&hl=en&as_sdt=2&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr
A jury found Sears, Roebuck and Company liable for causing Lisa Learmonth's injuries in an automobile accident and awarded her $4 million in compensatory damages. The district court denied Sears' motion for a new trial, but remitted the non-economic damages portion of the award to $1 million pursuant to Mississippi's statutory cap on non-economic damages. Sears appeals the district court's denial of its motion for new trial; Learmonth cross-appeals the constitutionality of the Mississippi statutory cap. We affirm the district court's judgment insofar as it denied a new trial and certify the state constitutional question to the Supreme Court of Mississippi.
In 2008 a federal jury found for the Plaintiff Lisa Learmouth for $4 million dollars, but the jury did not note which of these amounts were economic damages and which were noneconomic damages.
Non-economic damages refer to things like pain and suffering, which cannot be put into definite amounts. Currently the cap applies, but the court has heard arguments that damages caps such as this are unconstitutional because American citizens are guaranteed a right to trial by jury where a jury of peers will determine the amount of damages due if an individual or company is found to be at fault for an injury. The argument continues that a limit on damages takes away the power of the jury to truly decide the amount of restitution, the legislature in a way saying that the jury can make a decision just not that decision.
For more on this topic:
http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1589765558034230217&hl=en&as_sdt=2&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr
A jury found Sears, Roebuck and Company liable for causing Lisa Learmonth's injuries in an automobile accident and awarded her $4 million in compensatory damages. The district court denied Sears' motion for a new trial, but remitted the non-economic damages portion of the award to $1 million pursuant to Mississippi's statutory cap on non-economic damages. Sears appeals the district court's denial of its motion for new trial; Learmonth cross-appeals the constitutionality of the Mississippi statutory cap. We affirm the district court's judgment insofar as it denied a new trial and certify the state constitutional question to the Supreme Court of Mississippi.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff Lisa Learmonth was seriously injured in a car accident at the intersection of Mississippi State Highways 15 and 485. The collision involved Learmonth's car, which she was driving, and a Sears, Roebuck and Company ("Sears") van driven by James McClelland, a Sears employee. Sears contested both liability and damages at trial.
The primary factual dispute as to liability was which driver was traveling on Highway 15, which runs north and south, and which driver was traveling on Highway 485, which runs east and west at that juncture. The question was a critical one, 729*729 as there is a stop sign on Highway 485— but no stop sign on Highway 15—at the intersection where the accident took place. Therefore, whoever was driving on Highway 15 had the right-of-way. Both drivers claimed that the other had been traveling east on Highway 485 and had run the stop sign at the intersection, causing the collision.
Eight fact witnesses testified in connection with the liability issue, including Learmonth and McClelland. Learmonth, who suffered head trauma from the collision, testified that she did not remember the accident itself, but that she had been heading north on Highway 15 to pick up her mother that day and had called her mother from a town south of the intersection on Highway 15. Phone records verified that Learmonth called her mother about fifteen minutes before the accident occurred. McClelland testified that he completed a service call at the home of Bud Dees, a quarter-mile north of the intersection on Highway 15, and was driving south on Highway 15 when Learmonth's car entered his path. At trial, he testified that he could not remember what time he left Dees' home, but in earlier depositions he testified that he left around 11:30 a.m. The accident occurred around 1:30 p.m. Sears submitted an affidavit stating that it was unable to locate any information or records, electronic or otherwise, regarding the service calls, deliveries, or repairs made by McClelland on the day of the accident, and it was thus unable to confirm McClelland's whereabouts on the day of the accident.
Wednesday, December 19, 2012
Day v. Hart - Jurisdiction in the County of Death - Crucial Mississippi Supreme Court Decisions
In Day v. Hart, 232 Miss.
516, 517, 99 So.2d 656, 657 (1958), the Mississippi Supreme Court addressed
whether the Lincoln County Chancery Court had jurisdiction to grant
administration under the "county where the intestate died" pursuant
to Section 525 of the Code of 1942. Miss. Code Ann § 91-7-63(1) is derived from
Section 525 of the Code of 1942. Day, a Louisiana resident, and Hall, a
Mississippi resident, were killed in a traffic collision caused by Day in
Lincoln County. Id.
at 657. Hart's family petitioned the Lincoln County Chancery Court seeking the
appointment of an administrator for the Estate of Day in order to bring suit in
Mississippi based on his Mississippi insurance policy. Id. at
658. The Supreme Court held that the Lincoln County Chancery Court had jurisdiction to
grant administration on the estate of Day. Id. at 660. The Mississippi Supreme Court held:
Under said Section 525 of the Code of 1942 jurisdiction
to grant administration is conferred upon the chancery court of the county in
which the decedent died. The statute is clear and unambiguous and must be
construed to mean what it says. A similar statute is not unknown to other
jurisdictions.
Id. at 660. (Emphasis in the original).
"Section 91-7-63(1) authorizes three possible places to open an estate,
those being (1) the chancery court of the county where the intestate had a
fixed place of residence at the time of death; (2) if there was no fixed place
of residence, then the chancery court of the county where (a) the intestate
died, or (b) where his personal property or some part may be." Nat'l Heritage
Realty, Inc. v. Estate of Boles, 947 So. 2d 238, 248-249 (Miss. 2006)
(citing favorably Day v. Hart).
Friday, June 22, 2012
Discovery Deadlines
The passing of discovery deadlines or the end of the Discovery period under a Scheduling order does not relieve parties of the duty to supplement or amend their discovery responses. The recent Mississippi Supreme Court case of Knapp and Knapp v. St. Dominic-Jackson Memorial Hospital. Parties that shirk their responsibility to adequately respond to discovery may be sanctioned under the Mississippi rules.
Knapp v. St. Dominic
Knapp v. St. Dominic
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